Between the 17th of Tammuz and the 9th of Av, the Jewish calendar marks a period of collective mourning known as Bein HaMetzarim — “Between the Straits.” These Three Weeks recall a series of historic tragedies, culminating in the destruction of both the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem. During this time, many Jewish communities observe customs that express grief and historical awareness.
The Structure of the Mourning Period
The Three Weeks begin with the fast of Shivah Asar B’Tammuz, commemorating the breaching of Jerusalem’s walls. As the days pass, restrictions on joyful activities increase, reaching a peak during the final stretch known as Tishat HaYamim — the Nine Days before Tisha B’Av.
Common practices during this time include avoiding weddings, music, and haircuts. In some traditions, bathing, eating meat, or drinking wine are also prohibited during the Nine Days.
Themes of Memory and Hope
Although the focus is on mourning, the deeper theme of this period is the resilience of memory. By honoring past losses, Jewish tradition makes space for reflection and renewal. Even in restriction, there is an invitation to spiritual clarity.
Hebrew Vocabulary List
| Hebrew | English Translation | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|
| בין המצרים | Between the Straits | Bein HaMetzarim |
| שבעה עשר בתמוז | Seventeenth of Tammuz | Shivah Asar B’Tammuz |
| שלושת השבועות | The Three Weeks | Shloshet HaShavuot |
| תשעת הימים | The Nine Days | Tishat HaYamim |
| מנהגי אבלות | Mourning customs | Minhagei Avelut |